China’s electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are rapidly expanding into Europe, offering cheaper, faster-to-market, and technologically advanced cars – a combination that threatens to disrupt the continent’s traditional automotive giants.
Brands such as Zeekr, a premium EV maker owned by Geely, are already selling in several European countries and plan to enter the UK within two years. Zeekr’s highly automated plants, vertical integration, and proprietary battery and software technology give it an edge over legacy carmakers hampered by complex supply chains, internal silos and slower development cycles.
“All new cars sold in the UK and EU must be zero-emission by 2035, and Europe’s car industry is under huge pressure to adapt,” says Professor Peter Wells, director of the Centre for Automotive Industry Research at Cardiff University. “Chinese firms are nimble, fast and technologically advanced – especially in software, where European firms have struggled.”
Last year, Europe registered almost two million fully electric cars, but price, charging infrastructure and consumer hesitation remain challenges. While European manufacturers such as Jaguar Land Rover, Nissan, Volkswagen, and Renault are retooling for an electric future, analysts warn they are a decade behind China in both production capacity and supply chain control for critical battery minerals.
Andy Palmer, former Aston Martin CEO and ex-Nissan executive, says tariffs are a short-term fix that could leave Europe further behind: “Tariffs insulate the baby, so the baby never learns to walk. The price of entry for Chinese brands should be localisation – build here, employ here, invest here.”
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